common laboratory animals,some standard techniques,anaesthetics used in laboratory animals,standard drug and salt solutions,basic equipments,pharmacology of neurohumoral transmission and sympathectomy,pharmacology of receptors,cholinergic receptors,adrenergic receptors,dopaminergic,serotonergic and gaba receptors,histaminergic receptors,neuronal uptake blockers and biogenic amine depletors,purinergic and adenosine receptors,opioid and cannabinoid receptors, angiotensin ,prostaglandin,and nitric oxide,studies on isolated muscle preparations,anaesthetized animal preparations,toxicity studies,molecular cell biology,clinical research,immunoassays,biostatistical methods